Ethiopia Travel: 100 Questions Answered based on NeemTime research
General Travel & Planning
1. Is Ethiopia safe to visit right now? Answer: Safety is highly variable and changes quickly. Addis Ababa is generally considered safe, but many foreign advisories caution against travel to various regional areas (e.g., parts of Amhara, Tigray, and Oromia) due to conflict or unrest. Always check your home country’s latest travel advisories and use local expertise.
2. Should I travel solo in Ethiopia? Answer: Solo travel is possible, but it is highly recommended to hire a trusted local guide, especially when traveling outside of Addis Ababa, for safety and navigation.
3. What is the best way to travel between major cities/historical sites (e.g., Addis, Lalibela, Gondar)? Answer: Domestic flights (often discounted by Ethiopian Airlines if you arrive internationally with them) are the most recommended, fastest, and safest way to travel the “Historical Circuit.” Overland travel can be slow, difficult, and potentially risky in some areas due to road conditions and regional instability.
4. How long should I plan for a trip to Ethiopia? Answer: A minimum of two weeks is often suggested to cover the major sites like Addis Ababa, Lalibela, Gondar, and Axum, especially if flying between them. A month or more would allow for deeper exploration like the Omo Valley or Danakil.
5. Do I need a visa for Ethiopia? Answer: Yes, most visitors need a visa. E-Visas are available for many nationalities and are generally the easiest option.
6. What currency is used in Ethiopia? Answer: The local currency is the Ethiopian Birr (ETB).
7. Should I bring USD or Euros to exchange? Answer: US Dollars (USD) are the most widely accepted foreign currency. Bring clean, new bills.
8. Where is the best place to exchange money? Answer: Banks offer the official rate. There is also a widespread black market which offers significantly better rates, but is illegal and carries risk. Travelers often use trusted local contacts for black market exchange.
9. Are credit cards accepted widely? Answer: Credit cards are generally only accepted at high-end hotels, major airline offices, and a few large restaurants in Addis Ababa. Bring plenty of cash (Birr) for daily expenses.
10. How is the internet and Wi-Fi connectivity? Answer: Internet access can be unreliable, especially outside of major cities. Power outages are also common. Consider getting a local SIM card for basic connectivity, but data speeds and availability may be frustrating.
11. What are the must-see destinations in Ethiopia? Answer: Lalibela (rock-hewn churches), Gondar (Fasil Ghebbi castles), Axum (ancient obelisks and St. Mary of Zion), Simien Mountains National Park, Danakil Depression, and the Omo Valley (for tribal culture).
12. When is the best time of year to visit Ethiopia? Answer: The dry season, from October to February, is generally considered the best time for travel and trekking.
13. What languages are spoken? Answer: Amharic is the official working language. English is spoken in tourist areas and by educated professionals, but learning a few phrases of Amharic is highly appreciated. Other major languages include Oromo and Tigrinya.
14. What are the key cultural differences to be aware of? Answer: Punctuality can be more relaxed (Ethiopian Time is different), public displays of affection are uncommon, and traditional Christian and Muslim practices are deeply ingrained in daily life.
15. Is it safe to drink the tap water? Answer: No, it is generally advised to only drink bottled water.
Safety & Health
16. How prevalent is petty crime, like pickpocketing? Answer: Pickpocketing and snatch-and-grab theft are common, especially in crowded areas like the Merkato (market) in Addis Ababa and around Bole. Keep valuables secure in front pockets or hidden pouches.
17. How can I safely get around Addis Ababa? Answer: Use ride-hailing apps like Ride or Feres (preferred over traditional blue taxis, which may overcharge foreigners) or trusted hotel-arranged taxis.
18. Are there any health risks I should be aware of? Answer: Altitude sickness (Addis Ababa is over 2,300m/7,700ft), traveler’s diarrhea, and malaria (in lower-lying areas like the Omo Valley or Danakil) are the main concerns.
19. Should I take malaria medication? Answer: Yes, if traveling to low-altitude regions. Consult a travel doctor, as Addis Ababa and the highlands are generally malaria-free.
20. Do I need any vaccinations before going? Answer: Consult a travel clinic, but common recommendations include Yellow Fever (required if coming from an endemic country), Hepatitis A & B, Typhoid, and Tetanus/Diphtheria/Polio.
21. Is it safe to eat street food? Answer: Be cautious with street food. Stick to reputable, busy establishments and ensure food is freshly cooked and served hot.
22. Are salads and raw vegetables safe to eat? Answer: It’s best to avoid raw vegetables or salads unless you are certain they have been washed with purified water, to prevent stomach issues.
23. Should I carry my passport everywhere? Answer: Carry a photocopy of your passport and visa, and keep the original secure in your hotel, unless you need it for a specific reason (e.g., domestic flight check-in).
24. Is it safe to walk alone at night in Addis Ababa? Answer: It is generally advised to avoid walking alone late at night and to stick to well-lit, busy areas or take a ride-hailing app.
25. Are there any areas in the country I should absolutely avoid? Answer: Check government travel advisories, but historically, regions with ongoing political or armed conflict (parts of the borders, certain areas in the north/west) should be avoided. A good guide will know current no-go zones.
Food & Drink
26. What is the national dish of Ethiopia? Answer: Injera (a sour, spongy flatbread) served with various Wot (stews) of meat or vegetables.
27. What is Kitfo? Is it safe to eat? Answer: Kitfo is minced raw beef mixed with spices and butter. It is a traditional and highly-regarded dish, but consuming raw meat carries a risk of foodborne illness. Only eat it at very reputable places.
28. What is the traditional Ethiopian coffee ceremony? Answer: A significant cultural and social event involving the roasting of green coffee beans, grinding, brewing, and serving, typically in three rounds (Abol, Tona, Baraka).
29. What is Tej? Answer: A traditional Ethiopian honey wine (mead) that is often homemade and varies in sweetness and potency.
30. What is a “spriss”? Answer: A popular Ethiopian drink that is a mix of half coffee and half tea.
31. Are there good options for vegetarians/vegans? Answer: Yes! Ethiopia has a strong tradition of Orthodox Christian fasting days (Wednesday and Friday, plus long Lenten fasts) where only vegan food is eaten. Ask for “fasting food” (Yetsom in Amharic) for guaranteed vegan options.
32. What is Shiro? Answer: A staple vegetarian stew made from powdered chickpeas, lentils, or beans, often served during fasting times.
33. What is the customary way to eat Ethiopian food? Answer: With your hands, using pieces of injera to scoop up the wot. It is customary to eat with your right hand only.
34. Is it considered rude to ask for a fork/knife? Answer: While not considered rude, it may mark you as an outsider. It’s best to try eating the traditional way.
35. What is Tibs? Answer: Cubes of sautéed meat (often beef or lamb) served with vegetables and spices.
Accommodation & Logistics
36. Should I pre-book all my accommodation? Answer: For high season and major sites like Lalibela, booking in advance is wise. For flexibility in other areas, you can sometimes book as you go.
37. What types of accommodation are available? Answer: Options range from international chain hotels in Addis Ababa (Sheraton, Hilton, etc.) to mid-range local hotels, guesthouses, and simple tourist lodges, especially in remote areas.
38. Can I rent a car and drive myself? Answer: Renting a car for self-drive is generally discouraged due to poor road conditions, lack of clear signage, long travel times, and current security concerns. Hiring a car with a driver/guide is highly recommended.
39. How do I get from the airport (Bole International) to my hotel in Addis? Answer: Pre-arrange a hotel transfer, or use the Ride/Feres apps, or an official airport taxi (negotiate the price beforehand).
40. What’s the best way to get a local SIM card? Answer: Ethio Telecom is the provider. It’s easiest to get a SIM at the airport upon arrival, or from an official Ethio Telecom branch in the city.
41. How are the intercity bus services? Answer: Buses are very cheap but can be slow, crowded, uncomfortable, and occasionally unreliable. They are not recommended for tourists traveling long distances on a tight schedule or to regions with security concerns.
42. How do I visit the Omo Valley? Answer: The Omo Valley is remote and best visited with an organized tour, typically a multi-day trip by 4×4, to safely and respectfully interact with the various tribes.
43. Is trekking in the Simien Mountains easy to arrange? Answer: You must arrange a compulsory scout/guard and a local guide to trek in Simien Mountains National Park. This can be done through a tour operator or on arrival in Debark.
44. What should I do if I get harassed by touts/beggars? Answer: A firm but polite “No, thank you” (Aychen) and continuing to walk is the best approach. Avoid engaging in long conversations that may lead to aggressive sales pitches.
45. What is the protocol for taking photos of people? Answer: Always ask permission first, especially in the Omo Valley where locals may expect a small fee. Taking pictures of police, military, or government buildings is strictly forbidden.
Sightseeing & Culture
46. What is the significance of Lalibela? Answer: Lalibela is home to 11 monolithic rock-hewn churches carved out of the ground in the 12th and 13th centuries, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of Ethiopia’s most sacred places.
47. What can I see in Gondar? Answer: The UNESCO World Heritage site of Fasil Ghebbi (the Royal Enclosure), a collection of 17th-century stone castles and palaces.
48. What is unique about Axum? Answer: Axum was the capital of the ancient Axumite kingdom and is famous for its colossal monolithic obelisks (stelae) and being the purported home of the Ark of the Covenant.
49. What is the Danakil Depression famous for? Answer: It is one of the hottest places on earth and is known for its unique geological features like the Dallol sulfur hot springs and Erta Ale, one of the world’s few active lava lakes.
50. What is the National Museum of Ethiopia famous for? Answer: It houses the fossil remains of “Lucy,” a 3.2-million-year-old hominid skeleton.
51. What is the significance of the Ethiopian calendar? Answer: Ethiopia uses its own calendar, which is currently about 7-8 years behind the Gregorian calendar and has 13 months of sunshine (12 months of 30 days, plus a 13th month of 5 or 6 days).
52. What is the Geffi dance? Answer: A popular traditional shoulder dance, particularly common in the Amhara and Tigray regions.
53. Should I visit the Merkato in Addis Ababa? Answer: Yes, but be very vigilant. It is the largest open-air market in Africa, offering a fascinating but chaotic glimpse into local commerce.
54. What are some religious sites in Addis Ababa? Answer: Holy Trinity Cathedral (burial place of Emperor Haile Selassie) and St. George’s Cathedral.
55. Is it true Ethiopia has its own form of writing? Answer: Yes, the script is called Ge’ez fidel (or Amharic fidel), an abugida (a writing system where consonant-vowel sequences are written as a unit).
Money & Bargaining
56. Is bargaining expected? Answer: Yes, bargaining is expected for taxis (unless using an app) and market purchases.
57. What is a good starting point when bargaining for souvenirs? Answer: A good rule of thumb is to start at about 1/3 to 1/4 of the initial price quoted to a tourist, and negotiate to a price you are comfortable with.
58. Should I tip guides and drivers? Answer: Yes, tipping is customary and expected for guides, drivers, porters, and hotel staff.
59. How much should I budget per day? Answer: For budget travel (hostels/local food), $30-$50/day (excluding major tours like Danakil or Omo). For mid-range, $80-$150/day. High-end depends on hotels/flights.
60. Do I need to carry small denominations of Birr? Answer: Absolutely. Small bills are essential for street purchases, tipping, and paying small local fees, as change is often unavailable.
Practical Tips
61. What should I pack for clothing? Answer: Conservative clothing (covering shoulders and knees) is respectful, especially for visiting religious sites. Pack layers, as the highlands can be cool, and the lowlands hot.
62. What about the altitude? Answer: Addis Ababa is high altitude. Take it easy the first day, drink plenty of water, and be aware that other cities like Gondar and Lalibela are also at high elevations.
63. Are there any local scams to watch out for? Answer: Yes, common ones include fake guides, the “napkin” pickpocket distraction, and taxi drivers who claim their meter is broken or take you to the wrong location.
64. What is the power plug type in Ethiopia? Answer: Plug types C, E, and F are common, with C being the most frequent (two round pins).
65. Is it necessary to bring my own toilet paper/hand sanitizer? Answer: Yes, always carry hand sanitizer and some toilet paper/tissues, as they are often not provided in public restrooms.
66. How does the concept of Ferenji (foreigner) affect interactions? Answer: You will be noticed and may frequently hear “Ferenji!” or “You! Give me money!” Interactions can range from genuine curiosity to insistent begging or attempts to overcharge. Maintain a firm but friendly demeanor.
67. Can I rent a guide on the spot in tourist cities? Answer: You can, but it is better to arrange a guide through a reputable agency or hotel recommendation to ensure quality and safety.
68. How can I be respectful when visiting churches or mosques? Answer: Dress modestly, remove your shoes before entering, and never enter while wearing a hat. Do not photograph people without permission.
69. What is Chat (or Khat)? Answer: A mild, legal narcotic leaf chewed by many men, particularly in the eastern parts of the country.
70. Is there a big difference between the official and local time? Answer: Yes. Ethiopia uses a 12-hour clock cycle starting at 6 AM. What a tourist might call 7:00 AM, a local might refer to as 1:00 (one o’clock). Always clarify AM/PM or use the 24-hour clock.
71. How can I travel to the Danakil Depression given the risks? Answer: Only with an established, experienced, and well-equipped tour company. It is a remote and logistically challenging region that requires military/armed escorts for safety.
72. What are the Blue Nile Falls like? Answer: They are impressive, especially during the rainy season. However, water flow is often reduced due to a nearby hydroelectric dam, so check the current status before visiting.
73. Is it safe to buy art or crafts from markets? Answer: Yes, and bargaining is recommended. Look for coffee-related items, traditional crosses, textiles, and wood carvings.
74. What is the process for domestic flights with Ethiopian Airlines? Answer: If you flew internationally with Ethiopian Airlines, be sure to request and use your domestic flight discount. Check-in can be slightly chaotic; arrive early.
75. How can I responsibly interact with children asking for money/pens? Answer: Giving money encourages begging. Giving pens/candy can encourage them to skip school. If you wish to help, donate to a reputable local school or charity instead.
Extra Questions
76. What is the traditional clothing called? Answer: The traditional cotton garment worn by both men and women is called a Gabbi or Netela.
77. Is Ethiopia a Christian or Muslim majority country? Answer: Ethiopia is a diverse country, with a slight majority being Orthodox Christian, and a large Muslim minority.
78. What kind of souvenir should I buy? Answer: Ethiopian coffee beans, colorful baskets (mesob), religious crosses, or woven scarves/shawls.
79. What is the significance of the Lion of Judah? Answer: It is a national symbol historically linked to the Solomonic Dynasty of Ethiopian Emperors.
80. Is it true that Ethiopia was never colonized? Answer: Ethiopia (formerly Abyssinia) was never formally colonized, though it was briefly occupied by Fascist Italy from 1936 to 1941.
81. What is the best way to carry my valuables? Answer: A money belt worn under clothing, or a cross-body bag worn in front, are safer options than a wallet in a back pocket or a backpack.
82. What is the weather like in Addis Ababa? Answer: Due to its altitude, Addis Ababa has a temperate, spring-like climate year-round, often referred to as having “the best weather in the world.”
83. Where can I try excellent coffee in Addis Ababa? Answer: Tomoca Coffee is an iconic, local favorite.
84. What is the “Red Terror” museum? Answer: The Red Terror Martyrs’ Memorial Museum in Addis Ababa commemorates the victims of the Derg regime’s violent campaign in the late 1970s.
85. What are the best restaurants for cultural food and music? Answer: Habesha 2000 and Yod Abissinia are popular choices in Addis Ababa for traditional food, music, and dance shows.
86. What is the Gibre (or Gursha) tradition? Answer: A sign of affection and respect where one person feeds another a mouthful of food (injera and wot) with their hand.
87. How reliable is phone service outside of major cities? Answer: Mobile phone coverage is generally good in most major towns and along main roads, but drops significantly in remote areas like the Simien Mountains or Omo Valley.
88. Should I learn any Amharic phrases? Answer: Yes, even a few words like Selam (Hello/Peace), Amesegenalehu (Thank you), Eshi (OK/Yes), and Buna (Coffee) are greatly appreciated.
89. What is the most famous trek in Ethiopia? Answer: The multi-day trek in the Simien Mountains, known for its dramatic landscapes and endemic wildlife like the Gelada baboons.
90. How is Addis Ababa’s public transport system (light rail)? Answer: The Addis Ababa Light Rail is a modern, fast, and very cheap way to cross the city, but trains are often crowded, and pickpockets operate on them.
91. How difficult is the hike to Abuna Yemata Guh? Answer: It is a challenging, near-vertical climb requiring rock-climbing skills or a scramble up sheer cliff faces to reach the rock-hewn church in the Tigray region. (Note: check current safety for travel to Tigray).
92. What are the best ways to get to the Omo Valley? Answer: Fly to a regional airport like Jinka or Arba Minch and then travel by 4×4.
93. Do I need an international driving permit? Answer: If you plan to drive (which is not recommended), an international permit is required, but local authorities may still require a local driver’s license conversion.
94. What is the best way to handle persistent beggars? Answer: Maintain eye contact, smile, politely refuse, and do not engage in a conversation. Walk away briskly.
95. Are there good options for high-end dining in Addis Ababa? Answer: Yes, many high-end hotels (Sheraton, Hyatt, etc.) offer excellent international cuisine and fine dining experiences.
96. What should I do if I have a medical emergency? Answer: Head to a reputable private clinic or hospital in Addis Ababa. Medical facilities outside the capital are generally very basic.
97. What is Genna? Answer: The Ethiopian Christmas, typically celebrated on January 7th.
98. What are the common tourist fees? Answer: Fees include entrance to national parks, historical sites (Lalibela, Gondar), camera/video fees, and local guide/scout fees.
99. How is the animal life/safari experience? Answer: Ethiopia offers a unique experience focused on endemic species (found nowhere else) like the Gelada baboon, Ethiopian wolf, and Walia ibex, primarily in the Simien and Bale Mountains.
100. Should I bring a reusable water bottle and filter? Answer: A filter is a good idea to purify local water, but purchasing bottled water is the safest method. You may be able to refill a bottle at hotels that have purified water stations.